CHAPTER 5: SOCIAL AND UNITY 

ENVIRONMENTAL concepts RACE AND ETHNIC RELATIONS 



Ethnic means a circle of people who practice or culture that hampers the same, either in terms of customs, language, dress or ethnic ekonomi.Konsep activity is often associated with the concept of race, ethnicity and race despite the fact that all three have different purposes .In this case, race and ethnicity emphasizes physical differences or traits related to biology such as existed between race and blood.



In the context of Malaysia, there are many ethnic groups and different, but under the auspices of the political system sama.Dalam Negara Malaysia and context of this discussion, referring to the various ethnic communities that exist in this country as Malays, Chinese and Indians. Each ethnic differ based on cultural characteristics, economic activities, dress, family patterns, political orientation, and also a different view.



  Syed Husin Ali defines ethnicity as:

      "The term 'ethnic' is preferred here to 'bother' or 'communal'. To my mind, the term 'ethnic group' most appropriately describes not only the three major groups. but it also all the other component groups in the whole country "
 

  RACIAL / ETHNIC IN MALAYSIA 


Peninsular Malaysia
Sarawak

Sabah
Malay
Iban
Kadazan
Chinese
Melanau
Bajau
India
Bidayuh
Murut
Sikh
Orang Ulu
orchard
Thai
Bisaya

Aboriginal
Malay




CONCEPT-KEY CONCEPTS IN ETHNIC RELATIONS 


prejudice
Negative views of other ethnic groups and not based on accurate information and not openly expressed
     2 stereotypes
Negative public statements against certain ethnic groups and also an exaggerated picture of the behavior is good or bad something ethnic groups.

     3 Discrimination
Perbuatanmembeza between one individual or another ethnic group berasaskanciri-cirietnik.

     4 ethnocentric
Sense of belonging among certain groups .Wujud culture that unites them either values, behavior and lifestyles.

    5 ethnocentrism
Pride among certain ethnic culture that they is best from other cultures.

     6.Ras
Social groups have a collective mark on the physical characteristics or biological as skin color, hair and eyes.

   7 Racism
View of a social group of other social groups based on physical characteristics.

    8 Nations
One group or race who share the history, traditions and culture, language and religion sometimes.



LEVEL OF ETHNIC RELATIONS IN MALAYSIA: THE segregation TO amalgamation 


a) the segregation
b) Accommodation
c) Acculturation
d) Assimilation
e) amalgamation




    1 segregation 
In the early stages, it shows the relationship between racial or ethnic groups in Malaya, which is separate. This separation can be seen during the British population in Malaya before. Malays, Chinese and Indians living apart because of different jobs. Malays worked as fishermen and farmers, then they are living in remote villages and coastline. Chinese who worked as merchants, traders and miners and most of them live in suburban areas Bandar.Orang India and worked as buruhdan penorehgetah and live in the estates and farms.

     2 accommodation 
Process where each ethnic or racial realize norms and values ​​held by other ethnic groups, but they still retain their culture and values ​​respectively. Dalamkonteks Negara Malaysia, the Malays, Chinese, Indians, Sikhs and others will adopt and maintain their culture. The formula for this accommodation concept is A + B + C = A + B + C.

         

    3 Acculturation 
A process for cultural acceptance among individuals or groups from other cultures. Although a group or culture accepts elements of other ethnic cultures, it does not cause a loss of identity of race or ethnic origin who received .Keadaan can be seen in terms of food, clothes and everything.

    4 Assimilation
The process of consolidation and mergers of different ethnic cultures to form a similar culture and identity. This process means that the culture of a people or ethnic minorities to accept the dominant culture of the ethnic groups. In other words, assimilation occurs when

   

      a) Ethnic having different cultures
   
      b) Ethnic-ethnic interaction is always

      c) ethnic interactions occur in quite some time.
       

    5 amalgamation 


A process that happens when a culture or ethnic mix and create a new culture and taste. It usually occurs through intermarriage between ethnic or racial.

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